What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Ribosomes play a crucial role in the cell by producing proteins from amino acids, which is essential for numerous cellular functions. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences that are transcribed from DNA and translate these sequences into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. This process, known as translation, is vital because proteins serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules within the cell and are responsible for executing a vast array of cellular processes.

Understanding the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis is foundational in cellular biology, as proteins are vital to every aspect of a cell's functions—from transporting molecules across membranes to catalyzing biochemical reactions. This is why the correct answer emphasizes the production of proteins, highlighting the essential activity of ribosomes in maintaining cellular life and function.