What is the structure that consists of DNA wound around proteins, with sections called genes?

The structure that consists of DNA wound around proteins, with sections called genes, is known as a chromosome. Chromosomes are made up of chromatin, which is a complex of DNA and proteins. This organization allows the long DNA molecules to be compacted into a manageable structure that fits within the cell nucleus. Each gene represents a specific segment of this DNA that encodes instructions for making proteins, playing a crucial role in heredity and cellular function.

Other concepts mentioned are related but do not specifically describe the structure of DNA and its associated proteins. The nucleus refers to the membrane-bound organelle that houses the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. A gene sequence relates to the specific order of nucleotides within a gene but does not capture the structural organization of DNA and protein. A chromatid is one half of a duplicated chromosome, visible during cell division, and while it is involved in the overall context of chromosomes, it does not define the structure of DNA and proteins together.