Which of the following describes a forest characterized by specific types of trees like spruce and fir?

A forest characterized by specific types of trees like spruce and fir is known as a taiga. This biome is also referred to as boreal forest and is primarily found in the subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The taiga experiences long winters and short summers, making it an ideal environment for coniferous trees like spruce and fir, which are well-adapted to these conditions. The needle-like leaves of these trees help minimize water loss and are suited for cold temperatures, contributing to their dominance in this biome.

In contrast, tundra refers to a cold environment with minimal vegetation, primarily mosses and lichens, and lacks the tree cover seen in a taiga. A deciduous forest is characterized by trees that lose their leaves each autumn, including species like oak and maple, which differ significantly from the evergreen coniferous trees found in a taiga. The temperate rainforest is typically found in coastal regions and is characterized by high rainfall and a diverse array of tree species, including both conifers and broadleaf trees, but does not focus specifically on spruce and fir. Therefore, the correct choice describes a forest type that is specifically known for its coniferous trees adapted to colder climates.