Which part of the brain controls involuntary actions such as digestion and breathing?

The medulla is the part of the brain that plays a crucial role in controlling involuntary actions such as digestion and breathing. It is located in the brainstem and serves as a vital center for regulating autonomic functions, which are essential for survival. The medulla oblongata specifically manages respiratory functions by controlling the rhythm and rate of breathing, while it also influences cardiovascular activity and other vital processes related to digestion.

Both the cerebrum and cerebellum are involved in higher-order functions and voluntary movement coordination, respectively, but they do not directly handle involuntary actions. The thalamus acts primarily as a relay center for sensory information and does not control autonomic functions. Hence, the medulla’s specific role in managing essential involuntary bodily functions makes it the correct answer.