Which type of climates cover about 30% of the land on Earth?

The correct choice is dry climates, which are characterized by low precipitation and high evaporation rates. These climates typically include deserts and semi-arid regions, where water scarcity influences the types of vegetation and the overall ecosystem. Dry climates cover a significant portion of Earth's land surface—approximately 30%—due to their prevalence in various geographical regions. The conditions in these areas lead to unique adaptations in flora and fauna, along with distinct human activities that align with the limitations posed by the environment.

In contrast, tropical climates are warm and wet and tend to be concentrated near the equator, while temperate climates, which experience moderate seasonal changes, occupy a smaller fraction of the Earth's surface. Polar climates, characterized by extreme cold and ice-covered regions, also cover less than 30% of the land area. Understanding the distribution and characteristics of these different climate types is crucial for grasping their impact on global ecosystems and human activities.