Which type of exploitation in lakes can lead to vulnerable fish populations during certain seasonal conditions?

Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients, typically nitrogen and phosphorus. This nutrient influx can lead to excessive growth of algae, known as algal blooms. During certain seasonal conditions, particularly in warm months, these blooms can deplete oxygen in the water when the algae die and decompose. This process creates hypoxic or anoxic conditions, which can lead to fish kills and render fish populations vulnerable.

In addition to affecting oxygen levels, eutrophication can also disrupt the food web within the lake, making it difficult for fish to find food or reproduce successfully. This can significantly alter the fish population dynamics, often favoring a few species that can tolerate such conditions while threatening the survival of others, particularly those that are already vulnerable.

Understanding eutrophication is crucial for managing lake health and ensuring sustainable fish populations, especially in areas prone to nutrient runoff from agricultural or urban sources. Its impact on fish populations becomes particularly pronounced during specific seasonal cycles when temperature and light conditions promote algal growth.